UPDATE on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

With the advent of fast-paced technology and media reports, we can surmise that with the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of a vaccine can also be at a record speed but reading an article by Dr. Sanjay Gupta at CNN, this reality is grim so far regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Development.

1 Revealing Point: According to the Milken Institute, although there are 254 treatments and 172 vaccines currently in development to fight COVID-19, so far, there is only 1 PUBLISHED STUDY of a vaccine which is trialed in Humans. Other vaccines/treatment in development are either press-releases or pre-print reports.

Photo Credit: European Pharmaceutical Review

For those who have no idea on the significance of a Published Study on vaccine development or any other thing basically is this - published studies are subjected to peer review, which by essence brings down the expertise of most if not all of the science disciplines to screen this studies and POINT SOME POTENTIAL ERRORS of the study that may be unintentional and also makes the study and eventually the science or the vaccine BETTER.

No Approved Therapeutic Claim/Use!

I had always wanted to talk about this with my patients but I have not had the time to sufficiently discuss this.

As a medical doctor I cannot and will not endorse any product which has a 'No Therapeutic Use' on its label. I am for any thing herbal and natural but it does not mean that I will disregard the safety of my patients.

I have a professor in Medschool that is an advocate of herbal medicine but she is also a medical doctor. And so, while advocating for herbal medicine, she tediously explained the process and the science of preparing an herbal medicine, and so let's take some important points about it:

• Herbal medicine preparations should be an exact ....science. This simply means that exact measurements should be used. Meaning if you prepare (let's take for an example Sambong leaves) leaves, and you are instructed to take 5 leaves. You should take leaves with proportionally same size with each other. There are some preparations that prescribes the exact size of the leaves like for example (I am only hypothesizing here) Sambong leaves should have 1-inches leaves while recommendations for Malunggay leaves is only 1-cm leaves. AND there are different preparations for barks, roots, fruits, etc.
• Even the procedures in preparations should be exact. As my mentor explained, preparing a decoction is also exact meaning a certain decoction is prescribed with a 1 cup water while others are prescribed with a 1 glass water (yes a cup is different from a glass!). If you boil a decoction for 30 minutes and you start the time from the moment you pour the water into the pot, it may be a whole lot different if you start the 30-minute time on the moment that the water boils. Plus there's a difference if the instruction is like 'You boil the leaves with 2 cups water until the point that the water remaining is only 1 cup.'
• The time of the day when you pick up a leaf/root/bark matters. We had been advised that the perfect time to pick leaves is in the morning just before the sun rises as the leaves has the perfect consistency to it.

Common Lab Tests for Cardiovascular Disorders

1. Serum chemistry
2. Serum Electrolytes
3. Alanine Aminotransferases (AST) 
4. Creatine Kinase (CK)
5. CK-MB (isoenzyme)
6. Lactic Dehydrogenase
7. Complete Blood Count
8. Lipid Levels
9. Prothrombin Time
10. Alkaline Phosphatase
11. ESR
12. Arterial Blood Gases
13. Troponin

Normal Growth and Development: Infancy

An infant is a baby who is 1 month to 1 year old. Most infants will learn to walk, talk, eat, and interact with others within the same general time frame. This is called normal growth and development.

Infants grow faster while he is in infancy than at any other time in his life. Caregivers will keep a record of his growth. They will write down the following changes each time you bring him in for a checkup:

• Weight: Infants double their birth weight by the time they are 6 months old. They will triple their birth weight by the time they're 1 year old. They will gain about 1 to 2 pounds per month. They will weigh close to 22 pounds by 1 year old. By 2 months, infants may look chubby. Their muscles will get stronger the more they learn to use his legs and arms.
• Length: Infants grow about 1 inch per month for the first 6 months of life. They will grow 1/2 inch per month between 6 months and 1 year of age. They should be 2 times longer than their birth length by the time they are 10 to 12 months old. Most of their growth happen in their trunk (mid section).

Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory

Jean Piaget’s prominent work is his Theory on the four stages of cognitive development. 

He was one of the most influential researchers in the area of developmental psychology in the 20th century whose primary interest was in biological influences on how we come to know, and the developmental stages we move through as we acquire this ability (Singer & Revenson, 1997).

Piaget (1973) believed that the child plays an active role in the growth of intelligence and learns by doing. He regarded the child as a philosopher who perceives the world only as he has experienced it. 

Therefore, most of Piaget’s inspiration in cognitive and intellectual development came from observations of children. In fact, Piaget observed and studied his own three children through each stage of their cognitive development.

The Theory of Cognitive Development focuses on mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, believing, and reasoning. Reasoning is the essence of intelligence, and reasoning is what Piaget studied in order to discover “how we come to know” (Singer & Revenson, 1997). Piaget believed that cognitive development is cumulative; that is, understanding a new experience grows out of a previous learning experience.

Erick Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Unlike Freud's theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson's theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan.

One of the main elements of Erikson's psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. According to Erikson, our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experiences and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others.


Identity refers to all of the beliefs, ideals, and values that help shape and guide a person's behavior. The formation of identity is something that begins in childhood and becomes particularly important during adolescence, but it is a process that continues throughout life. Our personal identity gives each of us an integrated and cohesive sense of self that endures and continues to grow as we age.

PRC Online Application System

How to Apply using the Professional Regulation Commission Online Application System