Environmental Sanitation

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION: 

• defined as the study of all factors in man's physical environment, which may exercise a deleterious effect on his health, well-being and survival
• Included are:
• Water sanitation
• Food sanitation
• Refuse and garbage disposal
• Excreta disposal
• Insect vector and rodent control
• Housing
• Air pollution
• Noise
• Radiological protection
• Institutional sanitation
• Stream pollution

MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SANITATION PROGRAM

• Health and Sanitation
• Still a health problem in the country
• Diarrheal diseases ranked first in the leading causes of morbidity among the general population
• Other sanitation related diseases which are controlled and/or eradicated by health programs with environmental sanitation components but still afflicting a great number of the population:
• Pneumonia
• Tuberculosis
• Intestinal parasitism
• Schistosomiasis
• Malaria
• Infectious hepatitis
• Filariasis
• Dengue hemorrhagic fever 

• Water Supply and Sanitation Program
• Approved Types of Water Supply Facilities:
1. LEVEL I (Point Source)
• protected well or a developed spring with an outlet but without a distribution system, generally adaptable for rural areas where the house are thinly scattered
• normally serves around 15-25 households and its outreach must not be more than 250 meters from the farthest user
• yield or discharge is generally from 40-140 liters per minute
2. LEVEL II (Communal Faucet System or Stand-Posts)
• system composed of a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network and communal faucets, located at not more than 25 meters from the farthest house
• system is designed to deliver 40-80 liters of water per capital per day to an average of 100 households, with one faucet per 4-6 households
• generally suitable for rural areas where houses are clustered densely to justify a simple piped system
3. LEVEL III (Waterworks System or Individual House Connections)
• system with a source, reservoir, piped distributor network and household taps
• generally suited for densely populated urban areas
• requires minimum treatment of disinfection

• Proper Excreta and Sewage Disposal Program
• Approved Types of Toilet Facilities:
1. LEVEL I (Non-Water Carriage Toilet Facility)
• no water is necessary to wash the waste into the receiving space. Examples are pit latrines, reed odorless earth closet
• requires small amount of water to wash the waste into the receiving space. Examples are pour flush toilet and aqua privies
2. LEVEL II
• on stie toilet facilities of the water carriage type with water-sealed and flush type
3. LEVEL III
• water carriage types of toilet facilities connected to a septic tanks and/or to sewerage system to treatment plant
• In rural areas, the "blind drainage" type of wastewater collection and disposal facility shall continue to be the emphasis until such time that sewer facilities and off-site treatment facilities shall be made available to clustered houses in rural areas
• Conventional sewerage facilities are to be promoted for construction in "Poblacions" and cities in the country as developmental objectives to attain control and prevention of fecal-water-borne diseases
• Other policies embodied in Code of Sanitation of the Philippines shall be pursued and enforced by the local government units

• Food Sanitation Program
• Four (4) Rights in Food Safety - involve the chain in food processing from the source in the market until the food reaches the table
1. Right source
2. Right preparation
3. Right cooking
4. Right storage
• Rule in Food Safety: "When in Doubt, Throw it Out!"

• Hospital Waste Management Program
• Program on Health Risk Minimalization